Seismic Evaluation of Composite Steel Moment Frames with Brace Members and Rotational Friction Dampers under Near-Fault Earthquakes

Sattari, Ali; Maleki, Ahmad; Lotfollahi-Yaghin, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.61186/NMCE.695.1

Seismic Evaluation of Composite Steel Moment Frames with Brace Members and Rotational Friction Dampers under Near-Fault Earthquakes

Document Type : Research

Authors

Ali Sattari ¹

Ahmad Maleki ²

Mohammad Ali Lotfollahi-Yaghin ³

¹ Ph.D student of Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran

³ Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

10.61186/NMCE.695.1

Abstract

Dampers are employed to improve the cyclic behavior of structures against wind- and earthquake-induced loads. Rotational friction dampers (RFDs) dissipate energy through reciprocal rotation. The present research investigates the behavior of steel frames with concretefilled columns under three different frames of identical configurations for beams and columns but different positions for the bracing and RFD systems to see the effect of eliminating a part of the bracing member. Two loading schemes were considered to study the behavior of the introduced frames. In the first stage, the frames were subjected to vertical loading coupled with a cyclic load at the beam level. In the second stage, however, the cyclic load at beam level was replaced with earthquake acceleration at the structure base. All sample frames were then
modeled and analyzed in finite-element software. Applying the bracing system coupled with the RFD reduced the base shear compared to the structure without the bracing and RFD systems, although the reduction was not the same for all frames with different bracing schemes. Moreover, compared to the frame without the RFD, the damper could limit the structural drift in 6 models, though it boosted the drift in 1 model. Results showed that RFDs can dissipate seismic energy through rotational friction slippage. The dampers could dissipate up to 90% of the energy induced by lateral loads to the structure. Also, removing a portion of the bracing member was found to be useful for architectural purposes.

Keywords

Composite steel moment frame

Base shear

Energy dissipation

Rotational friction damper

Hysteresis curve

Subjects

Earthquake Engineering

[1] Ambraseys, N. and Douglas, J. (2003). Near-field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions, Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering. 23(1). 1-18.

[2] Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2006). Effects of fling step and forward directivity on seismic response of buildings, Earthquake spectra. 22(2). 367-390.

[3] Lu, C. (2012). Research on near-fault problems in earthquake engineering, TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 10(5). 1033-1039.

[4] Somerville, P.G. (2005). "Engineering characterization of near fault ground motions", Proc., NZSEE 2005 Conf.

[5] Kohrangi, M., Vamvatsikos, D. and Bazzurro, P. (2019). Pulse‐like versus non‐pulse‐like ground motion records: spectral shape comparisons and record selection strategies, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 48(1). 46-64.

[6] Khansefid, A. (2020). Pulse-like ground motions: Statistical characteristics, and GMPE development for the Iranian Plateau, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 134. 106164.

[7] Xu, G. and Ou, J. (2022). Seismic performance of combined rotational friction and flexural yielding metallic dampers, Journal of Building Engineering. 49. 104059.

[8] Veismoradi, S., Yousef-beik, S.M.M., Zarnani, P. and Quenneville, P. (2021). Development and parametric study of a new self-centering rotational friction damper, Engineering Structures. 235. 112097.

[9] Javidan, M.M. and Kim, J. (2019). Seismic retrofit of soft-first-story structures using rotational friction dampers, journal of structural engineering. 145(12). 04019162.

[10] Mirzabagheri, S., Sanati, M., Aghakouchak, A. and Khadem, S. (2015). Experimental and numerical investigation of rotational friction dampers with multi units in steel frames subjected to lateral excitation, Archives of civil and mechanical engineering. 15(2). 479-491.

[11] Eldin, M.N., Kim, J. and Kim, J. (June 2018). Optimum distribution of steel slit-friction hybrid dampers based on life cycle cost, Steel and Composite Structures. 27(5). 633-646.

[12] Kim, H.-J. and Christopoulos, C. (2008). Friction damped posttensioned self-centering steel moment-resisting frames, Journal of Structural Engineering. 134(11). 1768-1779.

[13] Kim, J., Kim, M. and Eldin, M.N. (November 2017). Optimal distribution of steel plate slit dampers for seismic retrofit of structures, Steel and Composite Structures. 25(4). 473-484.

[14] Kim, J. and An, S. (2017). Optimal distribution of friction dampers for seismic retrofit of a reinforced concrete moment frame, Advances in Structural Engineering. 20(10). 1523-1539.

[15] Anoushehei, M., Daneshjoo, F., Mahboubi, S. and Hashemi, M. (November and December 2018). Empirical evaluation of cyclic behavior of rotational friction dampers with different metal pads, Scientia Iranica. 25(6). 3021-3029.

[16] Duan, X., Zeng, Z., Liu, X., Luo, Y. and Ma, Y. (2024). Experimental and numerical study of locking steel plate damper for seismic resistance, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 218. 108719.

[17] Jarrahi, H., Asadi, A., Khatibinia, M., Etedali, S. and Samadi, A. (September 2020). Simultaneous optimization of placement and parameters of rotational friction dampers for seismic-excited steel moment-resisting frames, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 136. 106193.

[18] Morgen, B.G. and Kurama, Y.C. (2008). Seismic response evaluation of posttensioned precast concrete frames with friction dampers, Journal of Structural Engineering. 134(1). 132-145.

[19] Moradi, R. and Kalilzadeh, V.E. (2021). General Study of New Ideas and Practical of Friction Dampers for Passive Vibration Control of Structures, Quarterly Research Journal of Technical and Vocational University. 17. 231-248. (in persian).

[20] Bonchev, G., Belev, B. and Mualla, I. (2017). 11.32: Linked columns with friction dampers as a technique for seismic retrofit of steel moment resisting frames, ce/papers. 1(2-3). 3092-3099.

[21] Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2014). Theory of plastic mechanism control for the seismic design of braced frames equipped with friction dampers, Mechanics Research Communications. 58. 112-123.

[22] Naeem, A. and Kim, J. (July 2020). Seismic retrofit of structures using rotational friction dampers with restoring force, Advances in Structural Engineering. 23(16). 1369433220939213.

[23] Liu, Y., Chen, X. and Tagawa, H. (2024). Beam-to-column connection with double-stage yield buckling-restrained steel bar dampers, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 212. 108278.

[24] Qu, Z., Ji, X., Shi, X., Wang, Y. and Liu, H. (January 2020). Cyclic loading test of steel coupling beams with mid-span friction dampers and RC slabs, Engineering Structures. 203. 109876.

[25] Vatandoost, H., Abdalaziz, M., Sedaghati, R. and Rakheja, S. (2024). Development of a Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model for a large capacity magnetorheological fluid damper, Journal of Vibration and Control. 31(1-2). 151.

[26] Barzegar, V., Laflamme, S., Downey, A., Li, M. and Hu, C. (October 2020). Numerical evaluation of a novel passive variable friction damper for vibration mitigation, Engineering Structures. 220. 110920.

[27] Shirkhani, A., Mualla, I.H., Shabakhty, N. and Mousavi, S.R. (2015). Behavior of steel frames with rotational friction dampers by endurance time method, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 107. 211-222.

[28] Shariatmadar, H. and Abbaszadeh, H. (2009). Modeling of Buckling Restrained Braces Subjected to Dynamic loads, journal of Modeling in engineering. 4(18). 1-11 (in persian).

[29] Yildirim, S., Kalyoncuoglu, A., Erkus, B. and Tonguc, Y. (2015), Seismic Retrofit of Industrial Precast Concrete Structures Using Friction Dampers: Case Study from Turkey

[30] Langley, M., Sellers, V. and Marshall, J. (October 2020). Experimental and Analytical Testing of a Rotational Friction Connection for Metal Buildings with Hard Walls, Journal of Structural Engineering. 146(10). 04020212.

[31] Zahrai, S.M., Moradi, A. and Moradi, M. (2015). Using friction dampers in retrofitting a steel structure with masonry infill panels, Steel and Composite Structures. 19(2). 309-325.

[32] Hosseini, M., Fekri, M. and Yekrangnia, M. (2016). Seismic performance of an innovative structural system having seesaw motion and columns equipped with friction dampers at base level, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. 25(16). 842-865.

[33] Guo, W., Zeng, C., Gou, H., Hu, Y., Xu, H. and Guo, L. (2019). Rotational friction damper’s performance for controlling seismic response of high speed railway bridge-track system, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences. 120(3). 491-515.

[34] Zhang, A., Zhang, Y., Liu, A., Shao, D. and Li, Q. (2019). Performance study of self-centering steel frame with intermediate columns containing friction dampers, Engineering Structures. 186. 382-398.

[35] Oance, I. and Gelmambet, S. (2020), Seismic Analysis of Steel Structures Using Friction Dampers, IOP Publishing

[36] Santos, A.F., Santiago, A., Latour, M. and Rizzano, G. (2019). Analytical assessment of the friction dampers behaviour under different loading rates, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 158. 443-459.

[37] Beheshti-Aval, S., Mahbanouei, H. and Zareian, F. (2013). A hybrid friction-yielding damper to equip concentrically braced steel frames, International Journal of Steel Structures. 13(4). 577-587.

[38] Zhang, Y., Liu, A., Zhang, A. and Liu, X. (2017). Seismic performance analysis of a resilient prestressed steel frame with intermediate column containing friction dampers, Advanced Steel Construction. 13(3). 241-257.

[39] Tafakori, E., Banazadeh, M., Jalali, S.A. and Tehranizadeh, M. (2013). Risk‐based optimal retrofit of a tall steel building by using friction dampers, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. 22(9). 700-717.

[40] Taiyari, F., Mazzolani, F.M. and Bagheri, S. (2019). Damage-based optimal design of friction dampers in multistory chevron braced steel frames, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 119. 11-20.

[41] Lee, J. and Kim, J. (2015). Seismic performance evaluation of moment frames with slit-friction hybrid dampers, Earthq. Struct. 9(6). 1291-1311.

[42] Sanghai, S. and Pawade, P. (2021). Optimal placement of friction dampers in building considering nonlinearity of soil, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions. 6(1). 1-18.

[43] Miguel, L.F.F., Miguel, L.F.F. and Lopez, R.H. (2018). Methodology for the simultaneous optimization of location and parameters of friction dampers in the frequency domain, Engineering Optimization. 50(12). 2108-2122.

[44] Monir, H.S. and Zeynali, K. (2013). A modified friction damper for diagonal bracing of structures, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 87. 17-30.

[45] Latour, M., D’Aniello, M., Zimbru, M., Rizzano, G., Piluso, V. and Landolfo, R. (2018). Removable friction dampers for low-damage steel beam-to-column joints, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 115. 66-81.

[46] Suk, R. and Altintaș, G. (2020). Behavior of multidirectional friction dampers, Journal of Vibration and Control. 26(21-22). 1969-1979.

[47] Solaimani, M. and Mahmoudi, N., M. (2020). Evaluation of resistive parameters of steel frame with Off-centre Bracing ( -shape) Equipped with Rotating Friction Damper, Journal of Structure & Steel. 29. 33-44 (in persian).

[48] maleki, A., sattari, A. and Lotfollahi Yaghin, M.A. (2021). Improved Cyclic Behaviour of Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) Using Rotational Friction dampers and bracing, Modares Civil Engineering journal. 21(4). 185-203.

[49] Mualla, I., Nielsen, L., Sugisawa, M. and Suzuki, Y. (September 2012). "Large capacity dampers for buildings and structures", 15h World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal,2012.

[50] Shrestha, B., Hao, H., Ibrahim, N.H. and Bi, K. (May 2016). On the effectiveness of rotational friction hinge damper to control responses of multi-span simply supported bridge to non-uniform ground motions, Advances in Structural Engineering. 19(10). 1575-1591.

[51] Chen, W. and Hao, H. (April 2013). Numerical study of blast-resistant sandwich panels with rotational friction dampers, International journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics. 13(06). 1350014.

[52] Kim, J., Choi, H. and Min, K.W. (2011). Use of rotational friction dampers to enhance seismic and progressive collapse resisting capacity of structures, The structural design of tall and special buildings. 20(4). 515-537.

[53] Organization, I.R.o.I.C.P.a.B. (2018). Instructions for using dampers in design And strengthening of buildings, Nezamfanni. 766.

[54] ASCE (2017). 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures.

[55] Engineers, A. (2013). "Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, standard asce/sei 7-10", Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.