Experimental modeling of Electric kinetic barrier (EKB) in Porous Medium, Explain its numerical solution methods and analysis of the relations in the Hydraulic-Electric‌ coupled flow

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Civil, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

This research project is aimed at developing the theoretical knowledge of hydraulic-electric coupled flows and its results can be used to zero the flow in a porous medium such as seepage in engineering barriers made with clay and And also the definition of a new concept called electrokinetic engineering barrier. Also, the simulation of the electrokinetic barrier process was carried out using the finite difference method, and the methods of solving the numerical model of this process were investigated. Finally, the Forward Difference Approximation method was proposed due to more accuracy for coding in the MATLAB software. Laboratory studies was provided by an innovative physical model. To achieve this, several experiments were performed on kaolinite soil with a specific gravity of 1.3 gr/cm3, 1.315 gr/cm3, and 1.33 gr/cm3 under different electric potentials and the results of the experiments. They were compared with each other. The results showed that  ability of the electrical gradient to generate electro-osmotic flow to overcome the hydraulic flow and create an electrokinetic barrier is affected by the input voltage as well as the dry specific gravity of the samples in the cell and with increasing them, this ability increases so that in the denser sample the electrical gradients applied to the cell were able to stop the hydraulic flow in the higher hydraulic heads while in the less compacted samples the hydraulic heads were stopped at lower values.

Keywords


[1] James K. Mitchell, Kenichi., (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior. 3d ed.USA, 251-323.
 
[2] Shackelford, C.D., (2005). Environmental issues in geotechnical engineering. In: 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 1, 95-122,
 
[3] Morris, D V., Hillis, S. F. and Caldwell, J. d., (1985). Improvement of Sensitive Silty clay: Electroosmosis. Can Geotech, J.27: 17-24.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t85-003
 
[4] Vakili A.H., Narimousa R., Salimi M., Farhadi M.S., Dezh M., (2019). Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on characteristics of marl soils treated by electroosmosis application. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol, 2019.167:102861.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102861
 
[5] Mitchell, J.K., (1991). Conduction phenomena: from theory to geotechnical practice. Géotechnique, 41(3), 299-340
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1991.41.3.299
 
[6] Tollalow K; (1940). woprou ob elektroclumitscheskom ukreplenil gruntow. Potchwowodenie 8 Tondorf. S. Grundlagen der Elektrosanierung. TerraTech, 4, 66-69.
 
[7] Youell, R F., (1959). An Electrolytit Method for Producing Chlorite Like Substances from Montenorillonite. Clay Miner. Bull, 9, 191-195.
https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1960.004.24.04
 
[8] Holmes, W.J., (1963). Electroasmosis and civil engineer. Civ. Eng., Public Works Rev, 58(682): 621.626.
 
[9] Gr. D., (1970). Electrochemical llardonng of Clay - Soals,Geotechnique, 30. NOI, 81-93.
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1970.20.1.81
 
[10] O'Bannon, D. Er. Morris, G. R. and Mancini F. P., (1976). Electrochemical hardening of expansive clays, Transp. Res. Rec. 593, Truensportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.,16-50.
 
[11] Felkamp. J Rad! Belbom:mo. G. M., (1990). Largestrain clectrokinetic consolidation theory and experiment in one climension, Geotechnique. 10, 557-568.
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1990.40.4.557
 
[12] Ozkan. S. Gale, R., and Seals, R.K., (1999). Elokinetic Stabilization of Kaolinile by Injection of Al and PO43- Joits, Ground Improvement, 3(4):135-1-44.
https://doi.org/10.1680/gi.1999.030401
 
[13] Mohumedalhassan. E and Shang. J.Q., (2003). Electrokinetics-generated pore fluid and ionic transport in an offshore Calcareous soil, Rev. Can. Geotech, 40(6): 1185-1199.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-060
 
[14] Shang, J.Q., E. Mohamedolhassan, and M. Ismail., (2004). Electrochemical cementation offshore calcareous soil, Can. Geotech, J. 41: 877-893.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-030
 
[15] Alshawabkeh. A. N. and Shcalian, T., (2004). Soft soil Stabilisation by ionic ittjection under electric fields, Ground Improvement. Puby: Thomas Telford, 7(4), 177-185.
https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.7.4.177.37312
 
[16] Shen, Yang; Shi, Wen; Li, Shaoyu; Yang, Long; Feng, Jianting; Gao, Mingjun, (2020). Study on the Electro-Osmosis Characteristics of Soft Clay from Taizhou with Various Saline Solutions, Advances in Civil Engineering,1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6752565
 
[17] B Indraratna, J Chu, C Rujikiatkamjorn, (2015). Ground-Improvement-Case-Histories-Chemical-Electrokinetic-Thermal-and-Bioengineering, 1st Edition, 724 pages.
 
[18] Wang Y1, Han Z1, Li A1, Cui C1., (2021). Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by biodegradable complexing agents. Environmental Pollution, 283:117111.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117111
 
[19] S.A. Sadrnejad *, M. Memarianfard, (2017). contamination transport into saturated land upon advection-diffusionsorption including decay, NMCE 2017. 1(3): 67-75
https://doi.org/10.29252/nmce.1.3.67
 
[20] M. Ehteshami *, A. Sharifi, (2017). Environmental assessment for predicting groundwater degradation of "Rey" municipality, NMCE 2017. 1(3): 24-33,
https://doi.org/10.29252/nmce.1.3.24
 
[21] Ouhadi, V. R., Saeidijam, S., and Shariatmadari, N., (2005). Effect of Carbonate on the Removal of Heavy Metals from Kaolinite Soil by the Use of Electrokinetic Remediation Method. Amirkabir Journal of Science and Technology, 63. 19-29.
 
[22] Randall J. LeVeque., (2007). Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations Steady-State and Time-dependent Problems. University of Washington. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia.
https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898717839
 
[23] ASTM D 2487, (2017). Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes. (Unified Soil Classification System). V 19, 730-781.
 
[24] ASTM D 4318. (2010), Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils.
 
[25] ASTM D 698-78, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)).
 
[26] ASTM D 854, (2010). Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer.
 
[27] S. M. Mousavimehr, Omid Aminoroayaie Yamini, M. R. Kavianpour, (2021). "Performance Assessment of Shockwaves of Chute Spillways in Large Dams", Shock and Vibration, vol. 2021, Article ID 6634086, 17 pages, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634086
 
[28] S.M. Mousavimehr, V.fshinmehr, F.Aref, M.R. Kavianpour. (2022). "Numerical assessment of natural air conditioning in building with double skin facade in hot arid climate", Numercial method in civil engineering, vol.2022,
https://doi.org/10.52547/nmce.2022.437