Seismic Performance of seat-type bridges with elastomeric bearings

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

In Iran and some other countries, elastomer bearings in seat-type bridges are used with no sole/masonry plates and there is no positive connection between superstructure and substructure. Different codes have diverse provisions regarding the coefficient of friction (μ) between elastomer bearing and superstructure/substructure and also the design strength of shear keys (Vsk). Developing a finite element model for bearing slip, this paper investigates how different assumptions for μ and Vsk could affect the seismic performance. Incremental dynamic analysis is used to investigate the probability of unseating, residual displacement and nonlinear deformation in the substructure on a prototype three-span bridge. While performance during past earthquakes is fairly good, evaluating response using codes’ recommended value, i.e., μ=0.2, leads to an unacceptably high probability of unseating. Regarding design strength of shear keys, it is shown that design for weak shear keys could lead to relatively large transverse displacement during small to large earthquakes, and on the other hand, strong shear keys does not provide better protection against large transverse displacement during intense ground shakings.                                                                       

Keywords

References

  1. McDonald, J., Heymsfield, E., and Avent, R. R. (1999), Investigation of elastomeric bearing pad failures in Louisiana bridges, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University.
  2. FHWA (2006), Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures : Part 1 - Bridges, Federal Highway Administration, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73946-5. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73946-5]
  3. Kelly, J. M. and Konstantinidis, D., (2009), Effect of Friction on Unbonded Elastomeric Bearings, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 135(9), doi: 10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000019. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000019]
  4. Steelman, J.S., Fahnestock, L.A., LaFave, J.M., Hajjar, J.F., Filipov, E.T., and Foutch, D.A., (2011), Seismic response of bearings for quasi-isolated bridges- Testing and component modeling, Proceedings of the 2011 Structures Congress, doi: 10.1061/41171(401)16. [DOI:10.1061/41171(401)16]
  5. Filipov, E.T., Fahnestock, L.A., Steelman, J., Hajjar, J.F., LaFave, J.M., and Foutch, D.A., (2013), Evaluation of quasi-isolated seismic bridge behavior using nonlinear bearing models, Engineering Structures, doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.011. [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.011]
  6. LaFave, J.M., Fahnestock, L., Foutch, D., Steelman, J., Revell, J., Filipov, E., Hajjar, J., (2013), Seismic Performance of Quasi-Isolated Highway Bridges in Illinois, Civil Engineering Studies Illinois Center for Transportation.
  7. IDOT, (2012), Bridge Manual, Illinois Depeartment of Transportation.
  8. Maghsoudi-Barmi, A., Khaloo, A.R., (2020), Experimental investigation of life-time performance of unbounded natural rubber bearings as an isolation system in bridges, Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, doi: 10.1080/15732479.2020.1793208. [DOI:10.1080/15732479.2020.1793208]
  9. Maghsoudi-Barmi, A., Khansefid, A., Khaloo, A.R., Ehteshami, M., (2021), Seismic risk assessment of optimally designed highway bridge isolated by ordinary unbounded elastomeric bearings, Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering, 6(1). [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113058]
  10. Schrage, I., (1981), Anchoring of bearings by friction, in Joint sealing and bearing systems for concrete structures, world congress on joints and bearings. American Concrete Institute Niagara Falls, NY, USA.
  11. Konstantinidis, D., Kelly, J.M. and Makris, N., (2009), Experimental investigation on the seismic response of bridge bearings, International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering.
  12. Filipov, E.T., Hajjar, J.F., Steelman, J.S., Fahnestock, L.A., LaFave, J.M., Foutch, D.A., (2011), Computational analyses of quasi-isolated bridges with fusing bearing components, Proceedings of the 2011 Structures Congress, doi: 10.1061/41171(401)25. [DOI:10.1061/41171(401)25]
  13. Huang, Q., Liu, H., and Ding, Z., (2019), Dynamical response of the shaft-bearing system of marine propeller shaft with velocity-dependent friction, Ocean Engineering, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106399. [DOI:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106399]
  14. AASHTO/NSBA, (2004), Steel bridge bearing design and detailing guidelines, AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration, Washington, D.C.
  15. AASHTO (2017) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington, D.C.
  16. AASHTO, (2011), Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., doi: 10.1007/s00034-014-9866-6. [DOI:10.1007/s00034-014-9866-6]
  17. Caltrans, (2019), Seismic Design Criteria Version 2.0, California Department of Transportation: Sacramento, CA, U.S.
  18. Huang, W., Xiuli Xu, X., Wang, K., (2018), Numerical Simulation of Steel-Laminated Bearing Considering Friction Slipping, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 10(2). [DOI:10.7763/IJET.2018.V10.1052]
  19. Wang, J., Wang, G.F., Yuan, W.K., (2018), The statistical characteristics of static friction, International Journal of Applied Mechanics, doi/10.1142/S1758825118500874. [DOI:10.1142/S1758825118500874]
  20. Chang, W-R., Chang, C-C, Mat, S., and Lesch, M.F., (2008), A methodology to quantify the stochastic distribution of friction coefficient required for level walking, Applied Ergonomics, 39(6). doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2007.11.003. [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2007.11.003]
  21. Omrani, R., Mobasher, B., Liang, Xiao, and Taciroglu, E., (2015), Guidelines for nonlinear seismic analysis of ordinary bridges: Version 2.0', Caltrans Final Report No. 15-65A0454, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4946.6648.
  22. Kawashima, K., Takahashi, Y., Ge, H., Wu, Z., and Zhang, J., (2009), Reconnaissance report on damage of bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, doi: 10.1080/13632460902859169. [DOI:10.1080/13632460902859169]
  23. Song, S., Liu, J., and Qian, Y., (2018), Dependence analysis on the seismic demands of typical components of a concrete continuous girder bridge with the copula technique, Advances in Structural Engineering, doi: 10.1177/1369433218757234. [DOI:10.1177/1369433218757234]
  24. Moinfar, A.A., and Naderzadeh, A., (1990), An immediate and preliminary report on the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 june 1990, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, doi: 10.5459/bnzsee.23.4.254-283. [DOI:10.5459/bnzsee.23.4.254-283]
  25. Eshghi, S., and Ahari, M.N., (2005), Performance of transportation systems in the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, doi: 10.1193/1.2098891. [DOI:10.1193/1.2098891]
  26. Publication No. 463, (2008), Iranian code for seismic design of bridges.
  27. McKenna, F., (2011), OpenSees: A framework for earthquake engineering simulation, Computing in Science and Engineering, doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2011.66. [DOI:10.1109/MCSE.2011.66]
  28. Rajesh, B., Dhakal, P., and Maekawa, K., (1999), Modeling for Post-Yield Buckling of Reinforcement, Journal of Structural Engineering, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1139). [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1139)]
  29. Mander, J.B., and Rodgers, G.W., (2015), Analysis of low cycle fatigue effects on structures due to the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, Proceedings of the Tenth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Sydney.
  30. Kashani, M.M., Lowes, L.N., Crewe, A.J., Alexander, N.A., (2016), Nonlinear fibre element modelling of RC bridge piers considering inelastic buckling of reinforcement, Engineering Structures, doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.051. [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.051]
  31. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J., and Park, R., (1988), Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804). [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)]
  32. Kottari, A., (2016), Horizontal Load Resisting Mechanisms of External Shear Keys in Bridge Abutments, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xp4r2hb.
  33. Muthukumar, S., and DesRoches, R., (2006), A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, doi: 10.1002/eqe.557. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.557]
Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 3
March 2022
Pages 51-63

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 29 August 2021
  • Accept Date: 03 October 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics