Evaluating of Relative and Absolute Cumulative Input Energy Time History subjected to Forward Directivity Earthquakes

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Higher Education ACECR, Khouzestan, Iran.

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahdishahr, Iran

Abstract

In this article, to study the effect of pulse-type near-fault earthquakes on the seismic demands of steel moment frames, 15-story 2D-frame was analyzed under the influence of 20 near-fields with forward directivity effect and 2 far-field records. The relationship between Effective Cyclic Energy, ECE and displacement demands, velocity and hysteretic curve of SDOF systems in two near- and far-fault earthquake was evaluated. Then, by examining the relative and absolute cumulative input energy history along with the kinetic energy in one section and the maximum inter-story drift for 4 different levels of nonlinear behaviour (R = 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0) in a section, the effect of higher modes was evaluated. The study of inter-story drift profile for two near-fault earthquakes with and without visible pulse indicated the formation of maximum drift concentration, IDRmax, in the upper stories for low nonlinear degrees in record with visible pulse, which itself is an indication of its effect on higher mode contribution. However, in the pulse-free records, in addition to IDRmax intensification in the upper stories, the lower stories also have large structural demands. In other words, in these records, in the lower stories, mainly the dynamic instability is involved.

Keywords

References

  1. Housner, G. W. (1956). Limit design of structures to resist earthquakes, Paper presented at the Proc. of 1st WCEE, Berkeley, California.
  2. Park, Y.-J., Ang, A.-S., and Wen, Y.-K. (1984). Seismic Damage Analysis and Damage-Limiting Design of RC Buildings, University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station. College of Engineering. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  3. Krawinkler, H. (1987). Performance assessment of steel components. Earthquake spectra, Volume 3, No. 1, 14 Pages. [DOI:10.1193/1.1585417]
  4. Tembulkar, J. M. and Nau, J. M. (1987). Inelastic modeling and seismic energy dissipation. Journal of Structural Engineering, Volume 113, No. 6, 14 Pages. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:6(1373)]
  5. Minami, T. and Osawa, Y. (1988). Elastic‐plastic response spectra for different hysteretic rules. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 16, No. 4, 13 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.4290160407]
  6. Uang, C. M. and Bertero, V. V. (1990). Evaluation of seismic energy in structures. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 19, No. 1, 13 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.4290190108]
  7. Decanini, L. D. and Mollaioli, F. (2001). An energy-based methodology for the assessment of seismic demand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 21, No. 2, 22 Pages. [DOI:10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00102-0]
  8. Chou, C. C. and Uang, C. M. (2000). Establishing absorbed energy spectra-an attenuation approach. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 29, No. 10, 14 Pages. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200010)29:10<1441::AID-EQE967>3.0.CO;2-E [DOI:10.1002/1096-9845(200010)29:103.0.CO;2-E]
  9. Chai, Y. and Fajfar, P. (2000). A procedure for estimating input energy spectra for seismic design. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Volume 4, No. 4, 22 Pages. [DOI:10.1080/13632460009350382]
  10. Riddell, R. and J. E. Garcia (2001). Hysteretic energy spectrum and damage control. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 30, No. 12, 25 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.93]
  11. Leelataviwat, S., Goel, S. C., and Stojadinovic, B. (2002). Energy-based seismic design of structures using yield mechanism and target drift. Journal of Structural Engineering, Volume 128, No. 8, 8 Pages. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:8(1046)]
  12. Chou, C. C. and Uang, C. M. (2003). A procedure for evaluating seismic energy demand of framed structures. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 32, No. 2, 15 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.221]
  13. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S. K. (2006). Effects of fling step and forward directivity on seismic response of buildings. Earthquake Spectra, Volume 25, No. 2, 23 Pages. [DOI:10.1193/1.2192560]
  14. Kamali-Firozabadi, S.J. (2011). Using energy method to estimate the required displacement of steel moment frames. Master of Science Thesis. Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering. (In Persian)
  15. Vahdani, R. and Gerami, M. and Vaseghinia, A. (2017). Structural damping and displacement ductility effects on input energy spectrum of earthquake. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (JSCE), Volume 5, Issue 2, 17 Pages. (In Persian)
  16. Fang, C., Zhong, O., Wang, W., Hu, Sh. and Qiu, Q. (2018). Peak and residual responses of steel moment-resisting and braced frames under pulse-like near-fault earthquakes. Engineering Structures, Volume 177, 19 Pages. [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.013]
  17. Xin, L., Li, X., Zhang, Z. and Zhao, L. (2019). Seismic behavior of long-span concrete-filled steel tubular arch bridge subjected to near-fault fling-step motions. Engineering Structures, Volume 180, 12 Pages. [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.006]
  18. Bertero, V. V., Herrera, R., and Mahin, S. (1976). Establishment of design earthquakes-evaluation of present methods, Paper presented at the International Symposium on Earthquake Structural Engineering, St. Louis, 1, 29 Pages.
  19. Iranian Building Codes and Standards, Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, 4th Edition, BHRC-PN S-253, Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, Iran, 2014.
  20. Computers and Structures, Inc., Etabs 2016-extended 3D analysis of building systems, nonlinear, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
  21. ANSI/AISC 360-10 (2010). Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. American Institute of Steel Construction, One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois 60601-1802 of Civil Engineers.
  22. McKenna, F. (2011). "OpenSEES: a framework for earthquake engineering simulation", Computing in Science & Engineering, 13(4), pp. 58-66, 2011. [DOI:10.1109/MCSE.2011.66]
  23. Baker, J. (2007). Quantitative classification of near-field ground motion using wavelet analysis. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Volume 97, No. 5, 15 Pages. [DOI:10.1785/0120060255]
  24. Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
  25. Gupta, A. and Krawinkler, H. (1999). Seismic demands for the performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frame structures, Stanford University.
  26. Kalkan, E. (2006). Prediction of Seismic Demands in Building Structures, Ph.D. Thesis. University of California Davis.
  27. Fajfar, P. and Vidic, T. (1994). Consistent inelastic design spectra: hysteretic and input energy. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 23, No. 5, 14 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.4290230505]
  28. Kunnath, S. and Chai, Y. (2004). Cumulative damage‐based inelastic cyclic demand spectrum. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Volume 33, No. 4, 21 Pages. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.363]
  29. Sucuoğlu, H., Yücemen, S., Gezer, A., and Erberik, A. (1998). Statistical evaluation of the damage potential of earthquake ground motions. Structural Safety, Volume 20, No. 4, 21 Pages. [DOI:10.1016/S0167-4730(98)00018-6]
  30. Teran-Gilmore, A., and Jirsa, J. O. (2005). A damage model for practical seismic design that accounts for low cycle fatigue. Earthquake spectra, Volume 21, No. 3, 29 Pages. [DOI:10.1193/1.1979500]
Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 3
March 2022
Pages 37-50

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 28 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 01 November 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics