The effect of earthquake frequency content and soil structure interaction on the seismic behavior of concrete gravity dam-foundation-reservoir system

Mohammadnezhad, H.; Saeednezhad, N.; Sotoudeh, P.

doi:10.52547/nmce.4.4.1

The effect of earthquake frequency content and soil structure interaction on the seismic behavior of concrete gravity dam-foundation-reservoir system

Document Type : Research

Authors

H. Mohammadnezhad ¹

N. Saeednezhad ²

P. Sotoudeh ³

¹ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

² MSc Student, Faculty of Civil, Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

10.52547/nmce.4.4.1

Abstract

The effect of frequency content on the dynamic response of concrete gravity dams is investigated in this paper. Dams are one of the most complex structures to handle when there is dynamic analysis involved. One of the influential parameters on these structures' seismic response is the frequency content of the earthquakes. An index to represent frequency content, which represents frequency content by PGA/PGV ratio(FCI) and sets three ranges including high(FCI>1.2), intermediate(0.8<FCI<1.2) and low-frequency content (FCI<0.8) is used in this paper. To simply study the effect of different frequency contents, a comparative analysis with different earthquake records with different frequency contents is performed on the finite element model of the Pine Flat concrete gravity dam. Results indicate a great influence of frequency content on the dynamic response of the structure. On a side note, to study the effect of soil-structure interaction, the same model has been analyzed under different modular ratios (modular ratio is the ratio of modulus of elasticity of the foundation of the structure Ef / Es. This is one of the simplest ways to introduce interaction effects in the analysis. The outcome states that different modular ratios (hence different soil-structure interaction participation) have an immense effect on the dam's dynamic response.

Keywords

dam-foundation-reservoir

Frequency content

Soil-structure interaction

seismic analysis

earthquake characteristics

20.1001.1.23454296.2020.4.4.1.4

Jennings PC, Kuroiwa JH. Vibration and soil-structure interaction tests of a nine-story reinforced concrete building. Bull Seismol Soc Amer 1968;58: 891-916.
Foutch DH, Housner GW, Jennings PC. Dynamic responses of six multistory buildings during the San Fernando earthquake. Report No. EERL 75-02, California Institute of Technology; 1975.
Mcverry GH. Frequency domain identifications of structural models from earthquake records. Report No. EERL 79-02, California Institute of Technology; 1979.
Chopra AK. Dynamics of structures. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice-Hall; 1995.
Leger, P., & Boughoufalah, M. (1989). Earthquake input mechanisms for time-domain analysis of dam-foundation systems. Engineering Structures, 11(1), 37-46. [DOI:10.1016/0141-0296(89)90031-X]
Mirzabozorg, H., Varmazyari, M., & Ghaemian, M. (2010). Dam-reservoir-massed foundation system and traveling wave along reservoir bottom. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(8), 746-756. [DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.03.005]
Ghaemian, M., & Sohrabi-Gilani, M. (2012). Seismic responses of arch dams due to non-uniform ground motions. Scientia Iranica, 19(6), 1431-1436. [DOI:10.1016/j.scient.2012.09.003]
Sohrabi-Gilani, M., & Ghaemian, M. (2012). Spatial variation input effects on seismic response of arch dams. Scientia Iranica, 19(4), 997-1004. [DOI:10.1016/j.scient.2012.06.006]
Newmark NM. A study of vertical and horizontal earthquake spectra .NM newmark consulting engineering services. Directorate of licencing, US atomic energy comission:Washington,DC;1973.
McGuire RK. Seismic ground motion parameter relations. ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 1978;104(GT4):481-90. [DOI:10.1061/AJGEB6.0000615]
KramerSL.Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering.NewJersey:Prentice-Hall;1996.
Tso WK, Zhu TJ, Heidebrecht AC. Engineering implications of ground motion A/V ratio. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 1992;11(3):133-44. [DOI:10.1016/0267-7261(92)90027-B]
Kermani E, JafarianY, Baziar MH. New predictive emodels for the vmax/amax ratio of strong ground motions using genetic programming. International Journal of Civil Engineering 2009;7(4):236-47.
Livaoglu R (2005) Investigation of the earthquake behavior of elevated tanks considering fluid-structure-soil interactions, Ph.D. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, (in Turkish).
Panchal VR, Jangid RS (2008) Variable friction pendulum system for seismic isolation of liquid storage tanks. Nucl Eng Des 238:1304-1315. [DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.10.011]
Shakib, H. and Omidinasab, F. (2011). "Effect of earthquake characteristics on seismic performance of RC elevated water tanks considering fluid level within the vessels", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 36, pp. 227-243. [DOI:10.1007/s13369-010-0029-1]
Gazetas, G., Debchaudhury, A. & Gasparini, D. A. (1982). Stochastic estimation of the non-linear seismic response of earth dams. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., Vol. 1, pp. 39-46. [DOI:10.1016/0261-7277(82)90012-2]
Popescu, R. (2002). Finite element assessment of the effects of seismic loading rate on soil liquefaction. Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 331-344. [DOI:10.1139/t01-098]
Kianoush, M. R., & Ghaemmaghami, A. R. (2011). The effect of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of concrete rectangular liquid tanks using the finite element method incorporating soil-structure interaction.Engineering structures, 33(7), 2186-2200. [DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.03.009]
Tufan Cakir (2013). Evaluation of the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of cantilever retaining wall including soil-structure interaction. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. pp. 96-111. [DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.11.008]
Aghajanzadeh, S. M., Mirzabozorg, H., & Ghaemian, M. (2017). Foundation material nonlinearity in dam-reservoir-massed foundation coupled problems. Ingegneria sismica, 34(4), 3-29.
Mohammadnezhad, H., Ghaemian, M. and Noorzad, A., 2019. Seismic analysis of dam-foundation-reservoir system including the effects of foundation mass and radiation damping. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 18(1), pp.203-218. [DOI:10.1007/s11803-019-0499-4]
Sotoudeh, P., Ghaemian, M. and Mohammadnezhad, H., 2019. Seismic analysis of reservoir-gravity dam-massed layered foundation system due to vertically propagating earthquake. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 116, pp.174-184. [DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.041]
ABAQUS/Standard User's Manual, Version 6.9, Michael Smith, 2009, Dassault System Simulia Corp.
Hall, J. F. (2006). Problems encountered from the use (or misuse) of Rayleigh damping. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 35(5), 525-545. [DOI:10.1002/eqe.541]